11-14-2022, 04:15 AM
"In the 977th era [939], on the sixth on the second day of the week [Monday], at the third hour [7 or 8 in the morning], God showed a sign in heaven and the sun became darkness in around the world for about an hour [a partial eclipse of the sun]. Then, after 19 days, which is the eighth day before the Ides of August [August 6], on the day when the feast of Saints Justo and Pastor is celebrated among Christians, on the third day of On the week [Tuesday], the people of Cordoba arrived as far as Simancas with their abominable King Abderramán and all his army, and there they pitched their tents. Right there they met King Ramiro and the counts who were with him, after being summoned together with their hosts, that is: Fernán González, Asur Fernández and another multitude of fighting armies. With the help of God, they fell upon the Moors and killed with the sword on that day about three thousand or more, and there the Moor Aboyahia [Abu Yahya Muhammad ibn Hashim al-Tujibi, lord of Zaragoza] was captured. Then, after 16 days, which is the twelfth day before the Kalends of September [August 21], when the Moors had hastily fled and retreated in order to escape the land of the Christians, these came out to meet them in the place called Leokaput and in the river named Ververa, and there the Ishmaelites were dispersed, and they were shot down and stripped of their riches in great numbers [battle of Simancas in the year 939], and The Christians felt very happy, since they returned with numerous booty, and they rejoiced over the spoils they had obtained from them, and Galicia, Castilla y Álava, and also Pamplona along with their king García Sánchez [García Sánchez] were enriched with them. Sanchez I]. Thanks be to God" - Chronicle of Annales Castellani Antiquiores (10th century)
"This year Alfonso set out with an innumerable army of Christians, Franks, Vascones, Galicians and crossed al-Andalus, stopping before each of its cities, devastating, ruining, killing and captivating, to then go to another. He camped before Seville and remained there three days, devastated his region and destroyed it, destroying many villages in Aljarafe. He did the same in Sidonia and its region; then he reached the island of Tarifa, put the legs of his horse in the sea and said: «This is the end of the country of al-Andalus and I have stepped on it». Then he returned to the city of Zaragoza, besieged it and swore not to raise his siege until he took it, or until death stood between him and his purpose: it was the city he most wanted to win in all of Al-Andalus. His emir, al-Musta'in ben Hud, sent him all the money he could, but he did not receive it, saying: "The city and the money are mine." He sent troops to all the capitals of al-Andalus to narrow them down with a siege. He seized the city of Toledo in the year 477 [May 10, 1084 to April 28, 1085] [...]" - Ibn Abi Zar (14th century)
"In the name of God. I Don Alfonso [IX] King of León and Galicia, as I celebrate the Curia in León with the archbishop and bishops and with the magnates of my kingdom and with the elected citizens of each one of the cities, established and confirmed under oath, that all of my kingdom, both clerics and laity, will keep the good customs (mores), which have been established by my predecessors. [...] I also promised, that I will not make war or peace or pact, but with the council of bishops, noble and good men, by which councils I must govern. [...] I also swore that neither I, nor another, go by force to anyone's house, or do any harm to it or to his estate" - Decrees of Alfonso IX in the Curia of León (1188).
"This year Alfonso set out with an innumerable army of Christians, Franks, Vascones, Galicians and crossed al-Andalus, stopping before each of its cities, devastating, ruining, killing and captivating, to then go to another. He camped before Seville and remained there three days, devastated his region and destroyed it, destroying many villages in Aljarafe. He did the same in Sidonia and its region; then he reached the island of Tarifa, put the legs of his horse in the sea and said: «This is the end of the country of al-Andalus and I have stepped on it». Then he returned to the city of Zaragoza, besieged it and swore not to raise his siege until he took it, or until death stood between him and his purpose: it was the city he most wanted to win in all of Al-Andalus. His emir, al-Musta'in ben Hud, sent him all the money he could, but he did not receive it, saying: "The city and the money are mine." He sent troops to all the capitals of al-Andalus to narrow them down with a siege. He seized the city of Toledo in the year 477 [May 10, 1084 to April 28, 1085] [...]" - Ibn Abi Zar (14th century)
"In the name of God. I Don Alfonso [IX] King of León and Galicia, as I celebrate the Curia in León with the archbishop and bishops and with the magnates of my kingdom and with the elected citizens of each one of the cities, established and confirmed under oath, that all of my kingdom, both clerics and laity, will keep the good customs (mores), which have been established by my predecessors. [...] I also promised, that I will not make war or peace or pact, but with the council of bishops, noble and good men, by which councils I must govern. [...] I also swore that neither I, nor another, go by force to anyone's house, or do any harm to it or to his estate" - Decrees of Alfonso IX in the Curia of León (1188).