06-16-2023, 12:13 AM
I'm sure most of the users on this forum are familiar with Samuel T. Francis's term "anarcho-tyranny". For the best possible explication, I will quote from a speech of his in 1993 (Anarcho-Tyranny, USA), then some relevant passages in Leviathan and its Enemies. The basic tendency described by Francis is the “combination of oppressive government power against the innocent and the law-abiding and, simultaneously, a grotesque paralysis of the ability or the will to use that power to carry out basic public duties”. A characteristic that Francis later adds is “its refusal to enforce the laws it has already enacted and to enact more laws that have no effect on real crime and that further criminalize the innocent or restrict their rights”. Even though this was a speech thirty years ago, the concept has had a persistent life, becoming one of Francis’ most significant contributions for the Right.
The concept is reinforced in Leviathan and its Enemies, tied to the managerial regime. The managerial regime, despite being victorious, is "inadequate in resolving the processes of decomposition". Because this managerial regime described in this work presides over mass organization (whether in the form of the mass state, mass culture & mass communication, etc.), and relies upon manipulation rather than intense coerciveness, it is not able to eradicate internal threats of society. The entropic forces that afflict society (i.e., high numbers of immigration without benefit, deterioration of city life, etc.) are intensified due to the composition of the managerial elite — being an elite that seeks to achieve continued social change, and ignoring national conditions in place of international ones, the steady deterioration of traditional American society is not a numero uno issue.
Despite Francis' conceptual contribution, I have reservations about placing anarcho-tyranny in this managerial context. It is certainly the case that anarcho-tyranny is a definite force in contemporary Western societies, and is a condoned state of affairs right now, but I believe there are unacknowledged historical precedents here. There are two causes that help to steer a civilization to a state of anarcho-tyranny: one cause is an abnormal expansion of personal liberties, usually reserved for specific preferred groups. Hobbes describes personal actions being “praetermitted” (Part 2, Chap. 21, Section 6) by the sovereign because said actions are of little consequence, and you could consider this to be the same for a vast expansion of permitted acts. A sovereign, a sovereign institution, etc. permits their preferred group to do things otherwise unacceptable, and this assists in creating anarchic conditions. The second cause is a direct attack against condemned groups, who usually exist before the anarcho-tyrants enter power. In this case, you find the prosecution of Daniel Penny and other upstanding citizens, an explicit attack against the regular expectations of American society. In exceptional situations, the preferred and condemned groups are always up to question, and the looming threat of punishment pervades everyday life.
This brings me to Procopius’ The Secret History. Historians today either consider it to be a work of fanciful lies, or an opportunistic text meant to save Procopius’ life in the event of regime change. Both explanations dismiss the actual claims of The Secret History, and, like The Prince being considered a “satire” at one time, I predict that this understanding of the text will vanish as well. Perhaps one of the best summations of the text, and a quote that is relevant to a discussion of anarcho-tyranny, is this:
The work itself was a hidden history centering around the events of the Justinian Dynasty of Byzantine, and centers around Belisarius, Antonina, Justin, Justinian, and Theodora. For the sake of time, I will focus only on the latter three. Justin, who is characterized as a doddering, illiterate man, requires assistance to even write letters. This omen of an ineffectual character soon gives way to the capricious rule of Justinian. Justinian, who marries the lowly and promiscuous Theodora, takes power, and “neither faith nor doctrine about God continued stable [and] no law had any permanence”. Meanwhile, criminality became a larger and larger issue, “no longer in darkness or out of sight but at any moment of the day and in every part of the city...There was no need to keep the crimes concealed, since the criminals were not troubled by any fear of punishment”. Procopius claims that, under the rule of Justinian, “the government was indistinguishable from a tyranny — not, however, a stable tyranny but one that changed everyday and was forever starting afresh”.
Because this post is starting to get a little too long for an opening thread, I will refrain from mentioning more quotes, but I would recommend reading further into The Secret History. After reading this, I was immediately struck by the similarities between this document and the ongoing events of America. For this reason, I started to reconsider the concept of anarcho-tyranny, and wondered if there were any similar events in history where caprice and criminality reigned supreme. If anyone has any insights or other similar historical events, it would be greatly appreciated.
The concept is reinforced in Leviathan and its Enemies, tied to the managerial regime. The managerial regime, despite being victorious, is "inadequate in resolving the processes of decomposition". Because this managerial regime described in this work presides over mass organization (whether in the form of the mass state, mass culture & mass communication, etc.), and relies upon manipulation rather than intense coerciveness, it is not able to eradicate internal threats of society. The entropic forces that afflict society (i.e., high numbers of immigration without benefit, deterioration of city life, etc.) are intensified due to the composition of the managerial elite — being an elite that seeks to achieve continued social change, and ignoring national conditions in place of international ones, the steady deterioration of traditional American society is not a numero uno issue.
Despite Francis' conceptual contribution, I have reservations about placing anarcho-tyranny in this managerial context. It is certainly the case that anarcho-tyranny is a definite force in contemporary Western societies, and is a condoned state of affairs right now, but I believe there are unacknowledged historical precedents here. There are two causes that help to steer a civilization to a state of anarcho-tyranny: one cause is an abnormal expansion of personal liberties, usually reserved for specific preferred groups. Hobbes describes personal actions being “praetermitted” (Part 2, Chap. 21, Section 6) by the sovereign because said actions are of little consequence, and you could consider this to be the same for a vast expansion of permitted acts. A sovereign, a sovereign institution, etc. permits their preferred group to do things otherwise unacceptable, and this assists in creating anarchic conditions. The second cause is a direct attack against condemned groups, who usually exist before the anarcho-tyrants enter power. In this case, you find the prosecution of Daniel Penny and other upstanding citizens, an explicit attack against the regular expectations of American society. In exceptional situations, the preferred and condemned groups are always up to question, and the looming threat of punishment pervades everyday life.
This brings me to Procopius’ The Secret History. Historians today either consider it to be a work of fanciful lies, or an opportunistic text meant to save Procopius’ life in the event of regime change. Both explanations dismiss the actual claims of The Secret History, and, like The Prince being considered a “satire” at one time, I predict that this understanding of the text will vanish as well. Perhaps one of the best summations of the text, and a quote that is relevant to a discussion of anarcho-tyranny, is this:
Quote:“For when nothing is done to discourage wrongdoing, there is of course no limit to its growth: even when punishment does follow offences, it does not often put an end to them altogether”.
The work itself was a hidden history centering around the events of the Justinian Dynasty of Byzantine, and centers around Belisarius, Antonina, Justin, Justinian, and Theodora. For the sake of time, I will focus only on the latter three. Justin, who is characterized as a doddering, illiterate man, requires assistance to even write letters. This omen of an ineffectual character soon gives way to the capricious rule of Justinian. Justinian, who marries the lowly and promiscuous Theodora, takes power, and “neither faith nor doctrine about God continued stable [and] no law had any permanence”. Meanwhile, criminality became a larger and larger issue, “no longer in darkness or out of sight but at any moment of the day and in every part of the city...There was no need to keep the crimes concealed, since the criminals were not troubled by any fear of punishment”. Procopius claims that, under the rule of Justinian, “the government was indistinguishable from a tyranny — not, however, a stable tyranny but one that changed everyday and was forever starting afresh”.
Because this post is starting to get a little too long for an opening thread, I will refrain from mentioning more quotes, but I would recommend reading further into The Secret History. After reading this, I was immediately struck by the similarities between this document and the ongoing events of America. For this reason, I started to reconsider the concept of anarcho-tyranny, and wondered if there were any similar events in history where caprice and criminality reigned supreme. If anyone has any insights or other similar historical events, it would be greatly appreciated.